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全国人民代表大会常务委员会


全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于我国加入《保护录音制品制作者防止未经许可复制其录音制品公约》的决定

（1992年11月7日通过）

第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议决定：中华人民共和国加入《保护录音制品制作者防止未经许可复制其录音制品公约》。



保护录音制品制作者防止未经许可复制其录音制品公约

（1971年10月29日）

缔约各国，
担心普遍和不断增加的对录音制品的未经许可的复制以及由此给作者、表演者和录音制品制作者利益带来的损害，
相信保护录音制品制作者，防止此种行为，还将有利于其表演和作品录制在录音制品上的表演者和作者，
承认联合国教育科学文化组织和世界知识产权组织在这方面所做工作的价值，
期望毫不影响已经生效的国际协定，特别是毫不妨碍保护表演者、广播组织和录音制品制作者的1961年10月26日罗马公约得到更广泛的承认，
达成协议如下：
第一条
在本公约中：
（a）“录音制品”指任何仅听觉可感知的对表演的声音或其他声音的固定；
（b）“录音制品制作者”指首次将表演的声音或其他声音固定下来的自然人或法人；
（c）“复制品”指一件含有直接或间接从录音制品获取的声音的物品，该物品载有固定在该录音制品上的声音的全部或主要部分；
（d）“公开发行”指将录音制品的复制品直接或间接提供给公众或任何一部分公众的行为。
第二条
各缔约国应当保护是其他缔约国国民的录音制品制作者，防止未经录音制品制作者同意而制作复制品和防止此类复制品的进口，只要任何此种制作或进口的目的是为了公开发行；以及防止公开发行此类复制品。
第三条
执行本公约的方式应当由各缔约国国内法律规定并应当包括以下一种或多种：通过授予版权或其他专项权利的方式保护；通过有关不正当竞争的法律保护；通过刑事制裁的方式保护。
第四条
给予保护的期限应当由各缔约国国内法律规定。但是，如果国内法律规定一具体保护期，此保护期不应短于自录音制品载有的声音首次被固定之年年底起，或从录音制品首次出版之年年底起二十年。
第五条
如果一缔约国依照其国内法律要求以履行手续作为保护录音制品制作者的条件，只要公开发行的经授权的录音制品的所有复制品或其包装物载有Ｐ标记并伴有首次出版年份，而且标记的部位足以使人注意到保护的要求，则应当认为符合手续；如果复制品或其包装物上未（通过载有其姓名、商标或其他适当标识）注明制作者、他的合法继承人或专有许可证持有人，则标记还应当包括制作者和他的合法继承人或专有许可证持有人的姓名。
第六条
任何通过版权或其他专项权利的方式或通过刑事制裁的方式提供保护的缔约国，可以在其国内法律中为录音制品制作者的保护规定与允许对文学和艺术作品作者的保护所作的相同的限制。但是，只有符合所有下列条件，才允许颁发强制许可证：
（a）复制品仅用于教学和科学研究的目的；
（b）许可证仅适用于在颁发许可证的主管当局管辖的领土内进行的复制，不适用于复制品的出口；
（c）根据许可证制作复制品，应支付由上述主管当局考虑要制作的复制品的数量和其他因素而确定的合理报酬。
第七条
（1）本公约的解释不得限制或妨碍任何国内法律或国际协定给予作者、表演者、录音制品制作者或广播组织的其他保护。
（2）如果被固定在录音制品上的表演的表演者享受保护，保护程度以及享受此种保护的条件，应当由各缔约国国内法律确定。
（3）不得要求缔约国将本公约的条款适用于本公约在该国生效之前已经固定的任何录音制品。
（4）任何在1971年10月29日仅根据首次固定地为录音制品制作者提供保护的缔约国，可以向世界知识产权组织总干事递交通知书，声明其将适用这个标准而不是制作者国籍标准。
第八条
（1）世界知识产权组织国际局应当汇集和出版与保护录音制品有关的信息资料。各缔约国应当将所有这方面的新法律和官方文件及时传送国际局。
（2）国际局应当应要求向任何缔约国提供有关本公约的资料，应当为促进本公约规定的保护开展研究和提供服务。
（3）国际局应当与联合国教育科学文化组织和国际劳工组织合作，在各自的职权范围内履行本条第（1）、（2）款所列的职能。
第九条
（1）本公约应当向联合国秘书长交存。在1972年4月30日之前，联合国和任何联合国专门机构、国际原子能机构或国际法院规约的任何成员国均可在本公约上签字。
（2）本公约须经签字国批准或接受；本条第（1）款提到的任何国家均可加入本公约。
（3）批准、接受或加入书应当向联合国秘书长交存。
（4）不言而喻，一个国家受本公约约束时，便能够根据其国内法律使本公约条款付诸实施。
第十条
不允许对本公约作出保留。
第十一条
（1）本公约应当于第五份批准、接受或加入书交存三个月后生效。
（2）对于在第五份批准、接受或加入书交存之后批准、接受或加入的国家，本公约应当于世界知识产权组织总干事根据第十三条第（4）款通知有关各国已收到该国证书之日起三个月后在该国生效。
（3）在批准、接受或加入时，或在此后任何时间，任何国家可在致联合国秘书长的通知书中声明本公约适于它负责其国际关系的所有领土或其中任何一领土。此通知书应当于收到之日起三个月后生效。
（4）但是，上款不得理解为一缔约国承认或默认另一缔约国根据上款规定使本公约对之适用的某一领土的现实状况。
第十二条
（1）任何缔约国可以以自己的名义或代表第十一条第（3）款所指的任何领土，通过致联合国秘书长的书面通知退出本公约。
（2）此种退出应当于联合国秘书长收到通知书之日起十二个月后生效。
第十三条
（1）本公约应当以一份英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文合一的文本签署，四种文字具有同等效力。
（2）阿拉伯文、荷兰文、德文、意大利文和葡萄牙文的正式文本应当由世界知识产权组织总干事和有关政府协商后制定。
（3）联合国秘书长应当通知世界知识产权组织总干事、联合国教育科学文化组织总干事和国际劳工局局长：
（a）本公约的签署；
（b）批准、接受或加入书的交存；
（c）本公约生效的日期；
（d）任何根据第十一条第（3）款通知的声明；
（e）收到的退出公约通知书。
（4）世界知识产权组织总干事应当将根据上款规定收到的通知书以及根据第七条第（4）款作出的声明通知第九条第（1）款提到的国家。他还应当将此种声明通知联合国教育科学文化组织总干事和国际劳工局局长。
（5）联合国秘书长应当将本公约的两份经核证无误的副本送往第九条第（1）款提到的国家。



国务院


中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)

1990年12月5日，国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强海上国际集装箱运输管理，明确有关各方责任，适应国家对外贸易的需要，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的海上国际集装箱运输企业及与海上国际集装箱运输有关的单位和个人。
第三条 中华人民共和国交通部主管全国海上国际集装箱运输事业。
第四条 海上国际集装箱运输必须贯彻安全、准确、迅速、经济和文明服务的方针，积极发展门到门运输。

第二章 海上国际集装箱运输企业的开业审批
第五条 海上国际集装箱运输企业是指从事海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业、港口装卸企业及其承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站。
第六条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业，应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审核，报交通部审批。
第七条 设立港口国际集装箱装卸企业应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批，报交通部备案。
本办法发布后新设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站，应当经设立该企业的主管部门审核同意后，由省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批，报交通部备案。
对外经济贸易系统新设立的承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站的审批办法，由交通部会同对外经济贸易部另行制定。
第八条 设立中外合资经营、中外合作经营的海上国际集装箱运输企业，须经交通部审核同意后，按照有关法律、法规的规定，由对外经济贸易部审批。
第九条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业，应当具备以下条件：
（一）有与其经营范围和服务对象相适应的运输船舶、车辆、设备及其他有关设施；
（二）有相应的组织机构、办公场所、专业管理人员；
（三）有与所经营的集装箱运输业务相适应的注册资本和自有流动资金；
（四）国家法律、法规规定的设立企业的其他条件。
第十条 交通主管部门应当根据申请经营海上国际集装箱运输企业的资金来源、设备情况、管理水平、货源情况，审核批准其业务经营范围。
第十一条 交通主管部门应当将批准文件发给获准经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业。取得批准文件的单位，凭该文件向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册，经核准发给营业执照后，方可开业。
设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站，还应当向海关办理登记手续。

第三章 货运管理
第十二条 用于海上国际集装箱运输的集装箱，应当符合国际集装箱标准化组织规定的技术标准和有关国际集装箱公约的规定。
集装箱所有人、经营人应当做好集装箱的管理和维修工作，定期进行检验，以保证提供适宜于货物运输的集装箱。
违反本条第二款规定，造成货物损坏或短缺的，由责任人按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十三条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当保证运载集装箱的船舶、车辆、装卸机械及工具处于良好的技术状况，确保集装箱的运输及安全。
承运人及港口装卸企业违反本条第一款规定，造成货物损坏或短缺的，应当按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十四条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当使用集装箱运输单证。
第十五条 承运人可以直接组织承揽集装箱货物，托运人可以直接向承运人或委托货运代理人洽办进出口集装箱货物的托运业务。
第十六条 托运人应当如实申报货物的品名、性质、数量、重量、规格。托运的集装箱货物，必须符合集装箱运输的要求，其标志应当明显、清楚。
第十七条 托运人或承运人在货物装箱前应当认真检查箱体，不得使用影响货物运输、装卸安全的集装箱。
第十八条 装运粮油食品、冷冻品等易腐食品的集装箱，须经商检机构检验合格后方可使用。
第十九条 集装箱货物运达目的地后，承运人应当及时向收货人发出提货通知，收货人应当在收到通知后，凭提单提货。
收货人超过规定期限不提货或不按期限归还集装箱的，应当按照有关规定或合同约定支付货物、集装箱堆存费及支付集装箱超期使用费。
第二十条 海上国际集装箱的运费和其他费用，应当根据国家有关运输价格和费率的规定计收；国家没有规定的，按照双方商定的价格计收。任何单位不得乱收费用。
第二十一条 承运人及港口装卸企业，应当定期向交通主管部门报送运输统计报表。
第二十二条 与海上国际集装箱运输相关的各方应当及时相互提供集装箱运输信息。

第四章 交接和责任
第二十三条 承运人与托运人或收货人应当根据提单确定的交接方式，在码头堆场、货运站或双方商定的其他地点办理集装箱、集装箱货物交接。
第二十四条 参加海上国际集装箱运输的承运人、港口装卸企业应当按照下列规定办理集装箱交接：
（一）海上承运人通过理货机构与港口装卸企业在船边交接；
（二）经水路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业与水路承运人在船边交接；
（三）经公路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业与公路承运人在集装箱码头大门交接；
（四）经铁路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业或公路承运人与铁路承运人在装卸场交接。
第二十五条 集装箱交接时，交接双方应当检查箱号、箱体和封志。重箱凭封志和箱体状况交接；空箱凭箱体状况交接。
交接双方检查箱号、箱体和封志后，应当作出记录，并共同签字确认。
第二十六条 承运人、港口装卸企业对集装箱、集装箱货物的损坏或短缺的责任，交接前由交方承担，交接后由接方承担。但如果在交接后一百八十天内，接方能提出证据证明集装箱的损坏或集装箱货物的损坏或短缺是由交方原因造成，交方应当承担赔偿责任。法律另有规定的除外。
第二十七条 除法律另有规定外，承运人与托运人应当根据下列规定，对集装箱货物的损坏或短缺负责：
（一）由承运人负责装箱的货物，从承运人收到货物后至运达目的地交付收货人之前的期间内，箱内货物损坏或短缺，由承运人负责。
（二）由托运人负责装箱的货物，从装箱托运后至交付收货人之前的期间内，如箱体和封志完好，货物损坏或短缺，由托运人负责；如箱体损坏或封志破坏，箱内货物损坏或短缺，由承运人负责。
承运人与托运人或收货人之间要求赔偿的时效，从集装箱货物交付之日起算不超过一百八十天，但法律另有规定的除外。
第二十八条 由于托运人对集装箱货物申报不实造成人员伤亡，运输工具、货物自身及其他货物、集装箱损失的，由托运人负责。
第二十九条 由于装箱人的过失，造成人员伤亡，运输工具、其他货物、集装箱损失的，由装箱人负责。
第三十条 集装箱货物发生损坏或短缺，对外索赔时需要商检部门鉴定出证的，应当依照《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》办理。
集装箱、集装箱货物发生短缺，对外索赔时需要理货机构出证的，应当依照有关规定办理。

第五章 罚 则
第三十一条 无运输营业执照从事集装箱运输业务的，由交通主管部门责令其停止营业，由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十二条 违反本规定及国家有关物价法规收取运输费用的，由物价管理部门给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反运输单证管理规定的，由交通主管部门视情节轻重给予警告或罚款。
第三十四条 扰乱运输秩序或随意扩大业务经营范围的，由交通主管部门责令其整顿，并由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十五条 当事人对处罚决定不服的，可以在收到处罚通知的次日起十五日内，向处罚机关的上一级机关申请复议。接到复议申请的机关应当在三十日内作出复议决定。当事人对复议决定仍不服的，可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议、不起诉，又不履行处罚决定或复议决定的，作出处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。

第六章 附 则
第三十六条 本规定由交通部负责解释。
交通部可以根据本规定制定实施细则。
第三十七条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATIONOF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION
OF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT
(Promulgated by Decree No. 68 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on December 5, 1990, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the administration
of maritime international container transport, to clearly define the
responsibilities of the various parties concerned, and to meet the State's
needs in handling foreign trade.
Article 2
These Provisions shall apply to those enterprises that are established
within the territory of the People's Republic of China for the handling of
maritime international container transport, and also to units and
individuals that are involved in the operations of maritime international
container transport.
Article 3
The Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China shall be
responsible for the administration of the operations of maritime
international container transport throughout the country.
Article 4
In conducting maritime international container transport, the principles
of safety, accuracy, speed, economy, and civilized services must be
followed and door-to-door transportation shall be actively developed.

Chapter II Procedures for the Examination and Approval of Applica- tions for the Establishment of Enterprises That Handle Maritime Inter- national Container Transport
Article 5
"Enterprises for the operations of maritime international container
transport" refers to those shipping enterprises that are engaged in
maritime international container transport, and also to those enterprises
that are engaged in port handling, with their inland transshipment
stations and freight stations that undertake maritime international
container transport.
Article 6
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
the operations of maritime international container transport shall be
submitted to the competent departments for communications of the
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government for examination and verification, and then to the
Ministry of Communications for examination and approval.
Article 7
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
port handling of international containers shall be submitted to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval, and then to the Ministry of Communications for
the record.
After the promulgation of these Provisions, the applications for the
establishment of new inland transshipment stations and freight stations
that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be
submitted first to the competent department that has established the said
enterprise for examination, verification, and consent; and then to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval; and finally to the Ministry of Communications
for the record. The procedures for the examination and approval of the
applications for the establishment of new transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of
Communications in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade.
Article 8
The applications for the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures that handle
maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the
Ministry of Communications for examination, verification, and consent; and
shall then, in accordance with the provisions of the pertinent laws and
regulations, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations
and Trade for examination and approval.
Article 9
The establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations of
maritime international container transport must satisfy the following
conditions:
(1) to have transport vessels, transport motor vehicles, transport
equipment and other relevant facilities that correspond to their scope of
business and to the needs of their customers;
(2) to have the necessary organizational structure, site for setting up
their business office, and specialized administrative personnel;
(3) to have the registered capital and their own working capital that
meets the requirements of their business operations;
(4) to meet other conditions as stipulated by State laws, decrees and
regulations governing the establishment of enterprises.
Article 10
The competent department for communications shall examine, verify and
approve the scope of business operations of the enterprises that have
applied for the permission to handle maritime international container
transport in light of their sources of funds, the conditions of equipment
and facilities, the standard of administration, and the sources of
cargoes.
Article 11
The competent department of communications shall issue the approving
documents to those enterprises, which have obtained the approval to handle
maritime international container transport. The units that have received
the approving documents shall apply and go through the registration
procedures by presenting the aforesaid approving documents to the
administrative department for industry and commerce, which shall issue the
business licences after checking and approving the enterprises'
application: and only then shall the enterprises be permitted to start
business operations.
Cases concerning the establishment of inland transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall also be submitted to the Customs for the completion of
the registration procedures.

Chapter III Management of Freight Transportation
Article 12
The containers used in maritime international container transport shall
conform to the provisions and technical standards of the international
organization for the standardization of containers, and also to the
provisions of the pertinent international containers convention.
The owners and operators of containers shall do a good job in the
management and maintenance of containers and carry out regular
inspections, in order to guarantee the provision of containers that are
suitable for the transportation of cargoes. In case that the provisions
in the second paragraph of this Article have been violated, and, as a
result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, the person(s)
who is (are) held responsible for this shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 13
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall
guarantee that the vessels, motor vehicles, handling machinery and tools
are kept in a good technical condition, thereby ensuring the
transportation and safety of containers. In case that shippers and
enterprises that are engaged in port handling have violated the provisions
in the first paragraph of this Article, and, as a result, goods are
damaged or short in number or quantity, they shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 14
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling shall use the
container shipping documents.
Article 15
Shippers may directly organize the contracting of the transportation of
container goods, and consignors may directly hold business talks with
shippers or commission shipping agents for the consignment of import and
export container goods.
Article 16
Consignors shall submit an accurate report on the names of goods, and
their property, quantity, weight, and specifications. The goods shipped by
consignment in containers must conform to the requirements of container
transport, and marks on the goods should be obvious and clear.
Article 17
Consignors or shippers shall, before vanning, carry out a careful
inspection of containers, and containers that might cause an adverse
effect on to the transportation and vanning of goods may not be used.
Article 18
Containers which are used for shipping such perishables as grains, edible
oils, and frozen food, shall be inspected by the department for commodity
inspection and found to be up to the standard before they are used for
shipping.
Article 19
As soon as container goods have reached their destination, the shipper
shall promptly send a cargo delivery notice to the consignee; and the
consignee shall, upon receiving the notice, take delivery of goods on the
strength of the bill of lading. In case that the consignee fails to clear
the goods when the prescribed time limit is overdue, or that the consignee
fails to return the containers according to the prescribed time limit, the
said consignee shall be required to pay, in accordance with the pertinent
stipulations or with the agreement set forth in the contract, the
demurrage charge for the extended use of containers.
Article 20
The freight charges for maritime international container transport and
other expenses shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the
State provisions concerning shipping charges and charge rates. In the
absence of State provisions, the freight charges shall be calculated and
collected in accordance with the prices agreed upon by both parties. No
units shall be permitted to collect charges at random.
Article 21
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall submit
periodical statistical statements on transportation to the competent
department for communications.
Article 22
Various parties that are involved in maritime international container
transport shall, in good time, provide each other with information
concerning container transport.

Chapter IV Hand-Over Procedures and Responsibilities
Article 23
Shippers and consignors or consignees shall, in accordance with the hand-
over method stipulated in the bill of lading, handle the hand-over
operations of containers and container goods at marshalling yards, freight
stations, or other places agreed upon by the two parties concerned.
Article 24
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, which take
part in maritime international container transport, shall handle the hand-
over operations in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) maritime shippers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside
vessel through the tally companies and enterprises that are engaged in
port handling;
(2) with respect to containers transported by waterways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and waterway
carriers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside vessel;
(3) with respect to containers transported by highways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and highway carriers
shall handle the hand-over operations at the gate of the container
terminal;
(4) with respect to containers transported by railway through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling or highway carriers
and railway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the site of
handling.
Article 25
While handling the hand-over operations of containers, the two handling
parties shall check the container numbers, the bodies of containers and
the containers' marking seals. The loaded containers shall be handed over
by their marking seals and by the condition of container body: and the
empty containers shall be handed over by condition of container body.
After checking the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the
marking seals, the two handling parties shall make a record and confirm it
by appending their signatures to the record.
Article 26
With respect to the liabilities of shippers and enterprises that are
engaged in port handling for the damage and loss of containers and
container goods, before the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall be
taken up by the handing-over party; after the hand-over operations, the
liabilities shall be taken up by the receiving party. However, if, within
180 days immediately after the hand-over operations, the receiving party
is able to produce evidence to testify to the fact that the damage of the
containers, or the damage and loss of container goods, were caused by the
handing-over party, then the handing-over party shall take up the
liabilities for compensation, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 27
Unless otherwise provided by law, shippers and consignors shall, in
accordance with the following provisions, take up the liabilities for the
damage or loss of container goods:
(1) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
shippers, if the goods in the containers are damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the day the shippers
receive the goods to the day when the goods reach their destination but
before they are handed over to the consignees, the shippers shall take up
the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
(2) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
consignors, if the container bodies and the marking seals have remained
intact but the goods (in the containers) have been damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the completion of the
vanning and the completion of the procedures for consignment to the day
before the containers are handed over to the consignees, the consignors
shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage; if the container
bodies are damaged or the marking seals broken, and the goods in the
containers are also damaged or are short in number or quantity, the
shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
The time limits for shippers and consignors or consignees to raise claims
for compensation shall be limited to no more than 180 days, beginning from
the day when container goods are handed over, unless otherwise provided by
law.
Article 28
In case that the consignors' inaccurate or false declaration on container
goods has resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of
means of transport of the goods proper and the containers, or of other
goods, the consignors shall bear the liabilities for the consequences
arising therefrom.
Article 29
In case that the fault of the person in charge of the vanning has resulted
in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport,
of other goods, or containers, the aforesaid person shall bear the
liabilities for the consequences arising therefrom.
Article 30
In case that the damage or shortage in number or quantity of container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates an appraisal and the issue of the relevant certificate by the
administrative department for commodity inspection, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the provisions in the Law of the People's
Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities. In
case that the shortage in number or quantity of containers or container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates the issue of the relevant certificate by the tally
department, the case shall be handled in accordance with the pertinent
provisions.

Chapter V Provisions on Penalties
Article 31
With respect to those who are engaged in container transport business
without a business licence for handling transport business, the competent
department for communications shall order them to cease business
operations, and penalties shall be imposed on them by the administrative
department for industry and commerce.
Article 32
With respect to those who have received shipping charges in violation of
these Provisions and the relevant laws and regulations of the State on
commodity prices, they shall be penalized by the department for the
control of commodity prices.
Article 33
With respect to those who have violated the administration of transport
documents, they shall be given an administrative warning or a pecuniary
penalty by the competent department for communications in light of the
seriousness of the cases.
Article 34
With respect to those who have disturbed the normal order of
transportation or have expanded their scope of business without
authorization, they shall be ordered by the competent department for
communications to carry out rectification of their business, and shall be
penalized by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 35
In the event that the person concerned does not accept the decision on
penalties, he/she may, within 15 days as of the first day after the
receipt of the notice of the decision on penalties, appeal to the
competent department immediately above the punishing department for
reconsideration of the aforesaid decision on penalties. The competent
department that has received the appeal for reconsideration shall, within
30 days (after receiving the appeal), make the decision on
reconsideration. If the person concerned still does not accept the
decision of the reconsideration, he/she may, within 15 days immediately
after receiving the decision on reconsideration, bring a suit before a
people's court. If the person concerned neither appeal for
reconsideration, nor bring a suit before the people's court, nor execute
the decision on penalties or the decision of the reconsideration within
the prescribed period of time, the department that has made the decision
on penalties may apply to the people's court for enforcement.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 36
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of
Communications. The Ministry of Communications may formulate the rules for
implementation in accordance with these Provisions.
Article 37
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.